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What Is Rectal and Colon Cancer?

Rectal and colon cancer (also known as colorectal cancer) originates along the lining of the colon and rectum, initially as a polyp, specifically an adenoma. If not removed, adenomas can develop into colorectal cancers. By screening, adenomas can be discovered and removed, preventing progression into colorectal cancers. Thus, screening can effectively reduce the risk of developing and dying from colorectal cancer

 

According to the most recent data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry, colorectal cancer is now the most common cancer in the city, with more than 5,635 new cases diagnosed in 2017. Colorectal cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in Hong Kong, with over 2000 deaths in 2015.

What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?

Risk factors include

What are the symptoms of rectal and colon cancer?

Colorectal cancer can be asymptomatic but symptoms can include:

What to do if you suspect you might have rectal or colon cancer

If you have any of the above symptoms, you are recommended to seek medical consultation. A colonoscopy may be recommended. Faecal immunochemical testing is not suitable for symptomatic patients.

Even if you do not have the above symptoms, international guidelines still recommend starting screening at 50 years old, using either:

1) fecal immunochemical testing or

2) colonoscopy 

Earlier screening may be recommended for high-risk groups, such as people with a first degree relative with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer can be prevented! You can make a difference.

What are the differences between faecal occult blood testing and a colonoscopy?

COLONOSCOPY

 

FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST
Diagnostic Ability Visual inspection of the colorectum

 

Detects occult blood.  If positive (blood detected), will need colonoscopy
Therapeutic Capability Can remove polyps and take biopsies None
Accuracy The most accurate for polyps and cancers Accurate for cancer
Procedural Details After sedation, a thin flexible tube-like device with camera and light functions is used to examine the colorectum, taking usually 30 minutes in duration Stool collection at home, and return of kit to the centre
Risks Approximately 1/1000 chance of serious adverse events None

 

 

 

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